Higher Education Law of the People's Republic of China
Order of the President of the People's Republic of China7No.
Chapter 1 General then
Article 1 In order to develop higher education，Implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education，Law on Promoting Socialist Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization，According to the Constitution and Education Law，Enact this law。
Article 2 Engaging in higher education activities within the territory of the People’s Republic of China，This law applies。
Higher education as referred to in this law，refers to education implemented on the basis of completing senior secondary education。
Article 3 The country adheres to Marxism-Leninism、Mao Zedong Thought、Deng Xiaoping Theory as a guide，Follow the basic principles established by the Constitution，Develop socialist higher education。
Article 4 Higher education must implement the national education policy，Serving the socialist modernization construction，Combined with productive labor，Make educated people virtuous、智、The builder and successor of the socialist cause with comprehensive development in physical and other aspects。
Article 5 The mission of higher education is to cultivate senior professionals with innovative spirit and practical ability，Develop science, technology and culture，Promote socialist modernization。
Article 6 The country is based on the needs of economic construction and social development，Develop a higher education development plan，Hosting colleges and universities，And take various forms to actively develop higher education。
The state encourages enterprises and institutions、Social groups, other social organizations and citizens and other social forces organize colleges and universities in accordance with the law，Participate in and support the reform and development of higher education。
Article 7 The country follows the needs of socialist modernization and the development of a socialist market economy，According to different types、The reality of colleges and universities at different levels，Promote the reform of the higher education system and higher education teaching reform，Optimizing the structure and resource allocation of higher education，Improving the quality and effectiveness of higher education。
Article 8 The state responds to the characteristics and needs of ethnic minorities，Helping and supporting the development of higher education in minority areas，Cultivating senior professionals for ethnic minorities。
Article 9 Citizens have the right to receive higher education in accordance with the law.
The state takes measures，Helping minority students and students with financial difficulties receive higher education。
Colleges and universities must admit students with disabilities who meet the admission standards stipulated by the state，Do not refuse admission due to disability。
Article 10 The state protects scientific research in colleges and universities in accordance with the law、Freedom of literary and artistic creation and other cultural activities。Engaged in scientific research in colleges and universities、Literary and artistic creation and other cultural activities，Self-taught people should abide by the law。
Article 11 Higher education institutions should be oriented to society，Autonomous education in accordance with the law，Implement democratic management。
Article 12 The state encourages institutions of higher learning、Collaboration between universities, scientific research institutions and enterprises and institutions，Practice complementary advantages，Improve the efficiency of the use of educational resources。
The state encourages and supports international exchanges and cooperation in higher education。
Article 13 The State Council provides unified leadership and management of higher education across the country。Province、Autonomous Region、The people's governments of municipalities directly under the Central Government shall coordinate the higher education undertakings within their respective administrative regions，Manage colleges and universities that mainly cultivate local talents and are authorized to manage by the State Council。
Article 14 The education administration department of the State Council is in charge of national higher education work，Manage colleges and universities determined by the State Council to cultivate talents nationwide。Other relevant departments of the State Council are within the scope of responsibilities specified by the State Council，Responsible for related higher education work。
Chapter 2 Basic system of higher education
Article 15 Higher education includes academic education and non-academic education.
Higher education takes the form of full-time and part-time education.
State supports the adoption of broadcasting、TV、Implementation of higher education through correspondence courses and other distance education methods。
Article 16 Higher education is divided into junior college education、Undergraduate education and graduate education。
Higher education should meet the following academic standards:
(1) College education should enable students to master the basic theories necessary for this major、Expertise，Have the basic skills and preliminary abilities to engage in practical work in this major；
(2) Undergraduate education should enable students to master this subject in a relatively systematic manner、Basic theory required for majors、Basic knowledge，Master the basic skills necessary for this major、Methods and related knowledge，Have the preliminary ability to engage in practical work and research work in this major；
(3) Master’s degree education should enable students to master the solid basic theories of this discipline、System expertise，Master the corresponding skills、Methods and related knowledge，Have the ability to engage in practical work and scientific research in this major。Doctoral education should enable students to master the solid and w88 casino games loginbroad basic theories of this discipline、Systematic and in-depth professional knowledge、Corresponding skills and methods，Have the ability to independently engage in creative scientific research and practical work in this discipline。
Article 17 The basic length of study for junior college education is two to three years，The basic length of study for undergraduate education is four to five years，The basic length of study for master’s degree education is two to three years，The basic length of study for doctoral education is three to four years。The length of study for part-time higher education should be appropriately extended。Higher schools based on actual needs，Submit to the competent education administrative department for approval，You can adjust the years of study in this school。
Article 18 Higher education is carried out by colleges and universities and other higher education institutions。
University、The independent college mainly implements undergraduate and above education。College colleges implement vocational education。Approved by the education administration department of the State Council，Scientific research institutions can undertake the task of graduate education。
Other higher education institutions implement non-academic higher education.
Article 19 Graduated from senior secondary education or equivalent，Passed the examination，Admitted by colleges and universities that implement corresponding academic education，Obtain junior college or undergraduate admission qualification。
Bachelor degree or equivalent，Passed the examination，Admitted by colleges and universities that implement corresponding academic education or scientific research institutions approved to undertake postgraduate education tasks，Obtained master’s degree admission qualification。
Master’s degree or equivalent，Passed the examination，Admitted by colleges and universities that implement corresponding academic education or scientific research institutions approved to undertake postgraduate education tasks，Obtained doctoral admission qualification。
Undergraduate in specific disciplines and majors allowedGraduateDirectly obtain doctoral admission qualification，Specific measures shall be stipulated by the education administration department of the State Council。
Article 20 Students receiving higher education，Based on the number of years of study by the institution of higher learning or a scientific research institution approved to undertake postgraduate education tasks、Academic results, etc.，In accordance with relevant national regulations，Issue the corresponding academic certificate or other academic certificate。
Students receiving non-academic higher education，The corresponding certificate of completion shall be issued by the higher education institution or other higher education institution。The completion certificate should state the number of years of study and academic content。
Article 21 The state implements a self-study examination system for higher education，Those who passed the examination，Issue the corresponding academic certificate or other academic certificate。
Article 22 The country implements a degree system。Degrees are divided into bachelor's degree、Master's and PhD。
Citizens obtain higher education or self-study，Their academic level meets the national degree standards，You can apply to the degree-granting unit for the award of the corresponding degree。
Article 23 Colleges and other higher education institutions should be based on social needs and their own conditions for running schools，Undertake implementationContinuing Education's job.
Chapter 3 Establishment of colleges and universities
Article 24 Establishment of higher education institutions，Should be in line with the national higher education development plan，In line with national interests and social public interests，Not for profit。
Article 25 Establishment of higher education institutions，Should meet the basic conditions stipulated in the Education Law。
Universities or independent colleges should also have strong teaching、Scientific research power，Higher Teaching、Science research level and corresponding scale，Able to implement undergraduate and above education。Universities must also have more than three nationally prescribed disciplines as main disciplines。The specific standards for establishing higher education institutions shall be formulated by the State Council。
Specific standards for establishing other higher education institutions，Relevant departments or provinces authorized by the State Council、Autonomous Region、Formulated by the people's government of the municipality directly under the Central Government in accordance with the principles stipulated by the State Council。
Article 26 Establishment of higher education institutions，Should be based on its level、Type、Subject category、Scale、Teaching and scientific research level，Use appropriate name。
Article 27 Applying to establish a higher education institution，The following materials should be submitted to the approval authority:
(1) Application report;
(2) Feasibility demonstration materials;
(3) Articles of Association;
(4) Other materials required by the examination and approval authority in accordance with the provisions of this Law。
Article 28 The charter of colleges and universities should stipulate the following matters:
(1) School name and address;
(2) Purpose of running the school;
(3) School scale;
(4) Setting of subject categories;
(5) Educational form;
(6) Internal management system;
(7) Funding sources, property and financial system;
(8) Rights and obligations between the organizer and the school;
(9) Articles of Association Amendment Procedure;
(10) Other matters that must be stipulated in the articles of association.
Article 29 The establishment of higher education institutions shall be subject to the approval of the education administration department of the State Council，Including colleges and universities that implement vocational education，Authorized by the State Council，Can also be determined by province、Autonomous Region、Approval by the Municipal People’s Government。For colleges and universities and other higher education institutions that do not meet the prescribed conditions for approval，The education administrative department of the State Council has the right to revoke it。
Approving the establishment of colleges and universities，A review organization composed of experts should be hired for review。
Separation of colleges and universities from other higher education institutions、Merge、Terminated，Change name、Categories and other important matters，Approved by the original w88 live casinoapproval authority；Amendment of Articles of Association，Should be reported to the original approval authority for approval。
Chapter 4 Organizations and activities of colleges and universities
Article 30 The institution of higher learning obtains legal person status from the date of its establishment。The principal of a higher education institution is the legal representative of the higher education institution。
Colleges and colleges enjoy civil rights in civil activities in accordance with the law，Bear civil liability。
Article 31 College institutions should focus on cultivating talents，Carry out teaching、Scientific research and social services，Ensure that the quality of education and teaching meets national standards。
Article 32 Higher education institutions based on social needs、School conditions and school scale approved by the state，FormulateEnrollmentPlan, independently adjust the enrollment ratio of departments.
Article 33 Colleges and colleges independently set up and adjust disciplines and majors in accordance with the law.
Article 34 Higher schools based on teaching needs，Make independent teaching plans、Selected textbooks、Organize and implement teaching activities。
Article 35 Higher institutions of higher learning according to their own conditions，Carry out independent scientific research、Technical development and social services。
The state encourages colleges and universities and enterprises and institutions、Social groups and other social organizations are conducting scientific research、Carry out various forms of cooperation in technology development and promotion。
The state supports qualified colleges and universities to become national scientific research bases。
Article 36 Higher education institutions follow relevant national regulations，Independently carry out scientific, technological and cultural exchanges and cooperation with overseas universities。
Article 37 Colleges and colleges are streamlined based on actual needs、The principle of effectiveness，Self-determined teaching、Scientific research、The establishment and staffing of internal organizational structures such as administrative departments；In accordance with relevant national regulations，Positions for evaluating teachers and other professional and technical personnel，Adjustment of allowances and salary distribution。
Article 38 Property provided by colleges and universities to the organizer、National financial support、The donated property is autonomously managed and used in accordance with the law。Higher education institutions shall not misappropriate property used for teaching and scientific research activities for other purposes。
Article 39 State-run colleges and universities implement a principal responsibility system under the leadership of the Communist Party of China’s Colleges and Universities Grassroots Committee。The grassroots committee of the Communist Party of China in colleges and universities shall comply with the Constitution of the Communist Party of China and relevant regulations，Unified leadership of school work，Support principals to exercise their powers independently and responsibly，Their leadership responsibilities are mainly: implementing the line of the Communist Party of China、Policy、Policy，Adhere to the direction of socialist school running，Lead the school’s ideological and political work and moral education work，Discuss and decide on the establishment of the school’s internal organizational structure and the person in charge of the internal organizational structure，Discuss and decide on school reforms、Major matters such as development and basic management systems，Ensure the completion of various tasks centered on cultivating talents。
The internal management system of colleges and universities run by social forces is determined in accordance with national regulations on running schools by social forces。
Article 40 Principal of a higher education institution，Served by citizens who meet the qualifications stipulated in the Education Law。
Principal of a higher education institution、The vice president is appointed and dismissed in accordance with relevant national regulations。
Article 41 The principal of a higher education institution is fully responsible for the teaching of the school、Scientific research and other administrative work，Exercise the following powers:
(1) Formulate development plan，Develop specific rules and regulations and annual work plans and organize their implementation；
(2) Organizing teaching activities、Scientific research and ideological and moral education；
(3) Formulating the internal organizational structure plan，Recommend candidates for vice president，Appointment and removal of heads of internal organizations；
(4) Appointment and dismissal of teachers and other internal staff，Manage student status and implement rewards or sanctions；
(5) Formulate and implement annual budget plan，Protect and manage school property，Protect the legitimate rights and interests of the school；
(6) Other powers stipulated in the charter.
Higher education institution and principal’s office meeting or school affairs meeting，Handling the relevant matters stipulated in the preceding paragraph。
Article 42 Colleges and colleges establish academic committees，Deliberation discipline、Professional settings，Teaching、Scientific Research Plan，Assessment of teaching、Scientific research results and other related academic matters。
Article 43 Higher education institutions adopt organizational forms such as faculty representative conferences with teachers as the main body，Guarantee the participation of faculty and staff in democratic management and supervision in accordance with the law，Protecting the legitimate rights and interests of faculty and staff。
Article 44 The educational level of colleges and universities、Quality of education，Accept the supervision and evaluation organized by the education administration department。
Chapter 5 College teachers and other educators
Article 45 Teachers and other educational workers in colleges and universities enjoy the rights provided by law，Perform obligations stipulated by law，Education that is loyal to the people。
Article 46 Teacher qualification system implemented in colleges and universities。Chinese citizens who abide w88 casino games loginby the constitution and laws，Love education，Have good ideological and moral character，Possess graduate or undergraduate degree，Have corresponding education and teaching abilities，Confirmed to be qualified，Can obtain higher education teacher qualification。Citizens who do not have a graduate degree or undergraduate degree，Learning skills，Passed the National Teacher Qualification Examination，Confirmed to be qualified，You can also obtain higher education teacher qualifications。
Article 47 Colleges and universities implement a teacher position system。The position of teachers in colleges and universities is based on the teaching undertaken by the school、Required settings for scientific research and other tasks，Teacher position is teaching assistant、Lecturer、Associate Professor、Professor。
Teachers in colleges and universities to obtain the positions specified in the preceding paragraph shall meet the following basic conditions:
(1) Obtain higher education teacher qualification;
(2) Systematically master the basic theories of this subject;
(3) Possess the education, teaching and scientific research capabilities for corresponding positions；
(4) Responsible for the teaching tasks of the corresponding courses and prescribed class hours。
Professor、Associate professors should meet the above basic qualifications，You should also have a systematic and solid basic theory and relatively rich teaching on this subject、Scientific research experience，Remarkable teaching achievements，Thesis or book reaches a high level or has outstanding teaching、Scientific research results。
The specific qualifications for teaching positions in colleges and universities shall be stipulated by the State Council。
Article 48 Teacher appointment system implemented in colleges and universities。Teachers are evaluated to meet the qualifications，By institutions of higher learning in accordance with the responsibilities of teachers’ positions、Conditions and terms of appointment。
Appointment of teachers in colleges and universities，The principle of equality and voluntariness of both parties should be followed，The principal of the institution of higher learning signs an employment contract with the employed teachers。
Article 49 Administrative staff of higher education institutions，Implement education staff system。Teaching assistants and other professional and technical personnel in colleges and universities，Implementing the appointment system for professional and technical positions。
Article 50 The state protects the legitimate rights and interests of teachers in colleges and universities and other educational workers，Take measures to improve the working and living conditions of teachers and other educational workers in colleges and universities。
Article 51 College institutions should participate in training for teachers、Provide convenient conditions for scientific research and academic exchanges。
College institutions should treat teachers、Ideological and political performance of management personnel, teaching assistants and other professional and technical personnel、Professional ethics、Assessment of business level and work performance，The assessment result is used as appointment or dismissal、Promotion、Basis for reward or punishment。
Article 52 Teachers should be in colleges and universities、Management personnel, teaching assistants and other professional and technical personnel，Should do their job well with teaching and cultivating talents as the center。
Chapter 6 Students in colleges and universities
Article 53 Students in colleges and universities should abide by the law、Regulations，Abide by the student code of conduct and the school’s various management systems，Respect the teacher，Study hard，Enhance physical fitness，Establish patriotism、Collectivism and socialist ideas，Study Marxism-Leninism hard、Mao Zedong Thought、Deng Xiaoping Theory，Have good ideological and moral character，Master high scientific and cultural knowledge and professional skills。
The legitimate rights and interests of students in higher education institutions are protected by law.
Article 54 Students in colleges and universities should pay tuition fees in accordance with national regulations.
Students from families with financial difficulties，You can apply for subsidies or tuition exemption。
Article 55 National Scholarship，And encourage colleges and universities、Enterprise Organization、Social groups, other social organizations and individuals establish various forms of scholarships in accordance with relevant national regulations，For students with excellent academic performance、Rewards will be given to students in nationally prescribed majors and students who work in nationally prescribed areas。
The state establishes work-study funds and student loans for college students，And encourage colleges and universities、Enterprise Organization、Social groups and other social organizations and individuals set up various forms of scholarships，Provide assistance to students whose families have financial difficulties。
Students who received loans and grants，Should perform corresponding obligations。
Fifty-six Articles Students in colleges and universities can participate in social services and work-study activities in their spare time，But it shall not affect the completion of academic tasks。
College institutions should encourage and support students’ social services and work-study activities，And guide and manage。
Article 57 Students in colleges and universities，Student groups can be organized on campus。Student Group in Law、Activities within the scope of regulations，Obey the school’s leadership and management。
Article 58 Students in colleges and universities with qualified ideological and moral standards，Complete the required courses within the required years of study，Passed grades or completed corresponding credits，Approved to graduate。
Article 59 College institutions should provide graduates and graduates with servicesEmploymentGuidance and service.
The state encourages college graduates to go to remote areas、Working in difficult areas。
Chapter 7 Higher education investment and condition guarantee
Article 60 State establishment mainly relies on financial allocation、A system supplemented by raising higher education funds through other channels，Make the development of higher education and the economy、Suitable for the level of social development。
State Council and Province、Autonomous Region、The people's government of the municipality directly under the Central Government in accordance with the provisions of Article 55 of the Education Law，w88 live casinoEnsure the gradual increase in funding for state-sponsored higher education。
The state encourages enterprises and institutions、Social groups, other social organizations and individuals invest in higher education。
Article 61 The sponsors of higher education institutions should ensure a stable source of funding，The funds invested in running the school are not allowed to be withdrawn。
Article 62 The education administration department of the State Council, together with other relevant departments of the State Council, based on the annual per capita education cost of school students，The basic principles for stipulating the annual expenditure standards and financing of colleges and universities；Province、Autonomous Region、The education administrative department of the municipal people’s government shall work with relevant departments to formulate annual expenditure standards and financing methods for higher education institutions within their respective administrative regions，As the basic basis for organizers and colleges and universities to raise funds for running schools。
Article 63 The state imports books and materials for colleges and universities、Preferential policies for teaching and scientific research equipment and school-run industries。Profits from industries run by colleges and universities or from the transfer of intellectual property rights and other scientific and technological achievements，Used for running schools in colleges and universities。
Article 64 Tuition fees collected by colleges and universities shall be managed and used in accordance with relevant national regulations，No other organization or individual may misappropriate。
Article 65 Higher education institutions should be established and improved in accordance with the lawFinancial ManagementSystem，Fair use、Strictly manage education funds，Improving the efficiency of education investment。
The financial activities of institutions of higher learning should be supervised in accordance with the law.
Chapter 8 Attachment then
Article 66 For those who violate the provisions of the Education Law in higher education activities，Penalty shall be imposed in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Education Law。
Article 67 After individuals outside China meet the conditions stipulated by the state and go through relevant procedures，Can enter higher education institutions in China to study、Research、Carry out academic exchanges or teach，The legal rights and interests are protected by the state。
Article 68 The term "higher education institutions" as used in this law refers to universities、Independent colleges and colleges，Including higher vocational schools and adult colleges。
Other higher education institutions as mentioned in this law refer to organizations engaged in higher education activities other than colleges and universities and scientific research institutions approved to undertake postgraduate education tasks。
The provisions of this law on colleges and universities shall apply to other higher education institutions and scientific research institutions approved to undertake postgraduate education tasks，Except for regulations specifically applicable to advanced degrees。
Article 69 This law comes from1999Year1month1Starting from dayExecute.
