Constructing a modern university system is an era issue facing socialist higher education with Chinese characteristics。The "Charter of Jilin University" adopted by the 12th Party Congress of Jilin University is a scientific exploration to establish a modern university system，A milestone in the development of the school，Aroused widespread attention from national education authorities and universities across the country。This charter is based on my country’s Constitution and education laws and regulations，Carefully summarized and absorbed the institutional achievements of higher education reform and development since the reform and opening up，Learning from beneficial elements of overseas university charters，At the same time, it focuses on summarizing and sublimating the spirit of exploring modern universities based on the school's conditions，Theory and practice of institutional reform and innovation。As the crystallization of exploration and the product of practice，It embodies the collective wisdom of teachers, students and the school leadership team，Highlights the school’s philosophy and characteristics、School development goals and strategies，Standardizes various relationships within the school，Clear leadership structure、Governance Structure、Management Mode，Specifies the rights and obligations of faculty and staff、Students’ rights and obligations，Connect schools with teachers、School and students、The relationship between teachers and students is based on the core concept of people-centered，Show the world the modern socialist university system with Chinese characteristics，It also establishes a good image of Jilin University as a high-level research university。

一、The charter establishes and clarifies the w88 login’s internal governance structure and management system

(1)The principal responsibility system under the leadership of the party committee——Further clarified the relationship between the party committee and administration

Building a modern university system，The first thing to face and answer is the relationship between the party committee and administration。Provisions of the Higher Education Law，Colleges and colleges implement a principal responsibility system under the leadership of the party committee，But the common problem encountered in practice is，How to ensure that the party committee exercises unified leadership over all work of the school，It can also ensure that the school administration headed by the principal effectively exercises its powers and performs its duties，That is, how to better coordinate and straighten out the relationship between the party committee and the administration。Our school feels，The Higher Education Law does not stipulate the powers and responsibilities of party committees in specific and clear terms，The regulations on the way principals exercise their powers and perform their duties are also not clear enough，This will affect the implementation of the principal responsibility system under the leadership of the party committee。Accordingly，Make more realistic details and further clarify the powers and responsibilities of the party committee in the school charter，Very necessary。Articles of Association，The school implements the principal responsibility system under the leadership of the Jilin University Committee of the Communist Party of China，The principal is the legal representative of the school。The charter is based on the Higher Education Law and the Communist Party of ChinaRegulations on the Work of Grassroots Organizations of Party Ordinary Colleges and Universities" and other relevant regulations，The main powers and responsibilities of the party committee and the principal have been specifically stipulated in line with the actual situation of the school，Clearly defined the different scope of authority of the party committee and the principal，The party committee mainly discusses and decides on major issues、Important matters and appointment and removal of important cadres，Reflects that the party must manage the party、Party management talents、The idea that the Party is in charge of cadres and the Party committee is in charge of major affairs。About the powers and responsibilities of the principal，The charter is based on the provisions of the Higher Education Law，We have also made regulations that are more in line with the actual situation of the school，The principal is the main person in charge of school administration。Exercise powers、Perform duties，Implement unified leadership by the principal、The vice president is responsible for the division of labor、Mechanism for organization and implementation by functional departments。This regulation fully demonstrates that the school adheres to the unified leadership of the party committee，Also supports and guarantees the principal’s exercise of powers in accordance with the law。In accordance with the regulations，The school has separately formulated more specific party and government rules of procedure，To the Party Committee Plenary Committee、Party Committee Standing Committee、Principal’s Office Meeting、The scope and procedures of the secretary’s office meeting are further refined，This will make the working relationship between the party committee and the administration more streamlined from an institutional perspective，Thus helping to improve work efficiency，Form positive interaction、Efficient and reasonable work structure。

(2)A system dominated by management at the w88 login and college levels——Clear the relationship between the w88 login, colleges and departments

In addition to the leadership system, the governance structure within the w88 login，The most important thing is the management system，For large scale、Many disciplines、For a university with scattered campuses，How to design the management system，Is it relative centralization or decentralization，Should the management focus be moved downwards and how to move it downwards，Is it to implement two-level or multi-level management，How to configure the authority and responsibilities of each level，It is a problem that must be solved in constructing a modern university system。After several years of exploration、w88 online casinoExperiments and scientific demonstrations，2004Our w88 login carried out governance structure and management system reform。We start from the actual situation of the w88 login，Refer to the useful experiences of other universities at home and abroad，Absorb the ideas of modern management science，The "Outline for the Reform of the Governance Structure and Management System of Jilin University" was released。According to this reform outline，The w88 login has clarified the relationship between various powers within the w88 login and its operating procedures。Established the w88 login’s management model for the college，Further clarified the organizational structure and division of powers and responsibilities of the w88 login department，Determined the management model of campus affairs。The charter positions the w88 login’s management system as the w88 login、The hospital is mainly managed by two levels。

School、The core essence of two-level management of the college is to clarify and determine the authority of the college，The charter provides detailed provisions on this。Articles of Association: The college serves as a talent training institution、Scientific research、The specific organization and implementation unit of discipline construction，Implement independent management within the scope of school authorization。The school gradually expands the area and scope of independent management of the college，Play the main role of the college in running schools。The college is based on the school’s plan、Provision or authorization，Develop a college development plan，Formulate and organize the implementation of discipline and professional construction、Teaching staff construction、Course construction and teaching plan，Organize scientific research and other academic activities，Propose annual enrollment plan suggestions，Set up internal organization，Develop internal working rules and methods，Determine the appointment and management of college personnel，Responsible for the education and management of students，Provide opinions on students’ rewards and punishments，Manage and use school funds and assets allocated by the school；Exercise other powers granted by the school。These regulations reflect the gradual downward shift in the focus of school management。For other independent teaching and research institutions，Articles of Association: Departments and teaching centers with independent institutions，Enjoy the same rights and obligations as the college。Independent research center(House, institute)、Engineering centers and key laboratories, etc.，Establish corresponding management and academic institutions in accordance with relevant regulations and w88 login authorization；Responsible for corresponding talent training、Scientific research、Social service and other tasks。The articles of association stipulate the above，Clarified the status and authority of college-level institutions in the w88 login，Clearly define the scope and areas in which college-level institutions play a role，At the same time, the responsibilities of the first-level institutions of the college are also clarified，Enables better coordination and handling of the relationship between democracy and efficiency，Thus ensuring the w88 login’s institutional success、Effective implementation and implementation at both hospital and hospital levels。

At the clear w88 login、At the same time of the two-level management system of the hospital，Articles of Association，The w88 login is divided into departments according to subject categories and actual needs，Faculties are generally composed of teaching and research institutions with similar subject nature，such as Humanities Department、Faculty of Social Sciences、Faculty of Science、Department of Engineering、Department of Informatics、Department of Medicine、Department of Agriculture, etc.。Department setting up a dean，The academic director is determined by the w88 login party committee、Principal Appointment and Dismissal，Generally, the position is taken by turns among the deans within the department，Mainly responsible for the academic affairs of this department、Coordination of degree affairs，Teaching、Collaboration in scientific research, etc. Also responsible for liaison with the industry and other responsibilities。

(3)Professor of scholarship and democratic management——Clear the relationship between academic power and administrative power

Academic freedom and academic democracy are the foundation and tradition of modern universities，Professorship is a fundamental system and tradition for modern universities to effectively protect academic freedom and academic democracy。Professor scholarship is mainly reflected in the relative separation of administrative power and academic power、Professors have the right to decide on academic issues、Faculty congress takes teachers as the main body and the college establishes professors’ association, etc.。Various academic organizations are important carriers and means for professors to pursue scholarship，w88 login approved by charter、Department、The third-level academic committee and degree evaluation of the college(points)Powers of the Committee，Provides institutional guarantee for the effective exercise of academic power。Professor associations serve as another effective form and important carrier of professorial scholarship，The current trend of administrativeization in universities is relatively common. Especially when statutory academic authority agencies are becoming increasingly administrative.，Its establishment has special and important significance and role。The charter refers to the experience of high-level universities at home and abroad，It is stipulated that the college can establish professors' committees as needed，At the same time, it is stipulated that the professors will carry out their work in accordance with the professors’ association regulations formulated by the college，This provision will establish a professorial association、The power to determine the mode of operation of the professorship has been given to each college，Leaves sufficient institutional space for the college to explore effective models of autonomous management。

Democratic management is an integral part of the modern university w88 casino gamessystem，It is difficult to imagine a high-level university whose internal management is not democratic。The charter stipulates the organizational structure, its allocation of powers and responsibilities, and the rights of teachers, students and employees，It embodies the w88 login’s democratic management ideas。In accordance with the regulations，The w88 login established the w88 login board as a permanent advisory body，Jufan w88 login Development Plan、Major reform measures、Discipline Construction、Teaching staff construction、Campus planning and other major matters，The w88 login board should be consulted；The Faculty and Staff Congress is the main channel for democratic management of the w88 login，Trade Union、Communist Youth League、The Women’s Committee participates in democratic management under the leadership of the Party Committee。Other provisions of the Articles of Association，The w88 login implements the disclosure of w88 login affairs and college affairs，Principal、The dean reported to the w88 login respectively、Report on the Faculty and Staff Congress，These are special system designs about democratic management。

(4)Exercise autonomy in running schools in accordance with the law——Institutional basis for legal person autonomy

The university legal person system is an important part of the modern university system. The autonomy of running a w88 login is the core of the legal person system。The charter stipulates that the w88 login shall exercise its autonomy in running schools in accordance with the law，This is the institutional expression of university legal person autonomy。The charter specifies the name of the w88 login、Address、Legal status、w88 login Purpose、Legal representative、Organizational composition、Legal Person Property，Covers the basic elements of a w88 login as an independent legal entity，Made an institutional declaration on the legal basis of w88 login operation。Articles of Association，The w88 login sets up and adjusts disciplines and majors in accordance with the law、Recruit students、Issuance of academic and degree certificates、Implement rewards or sanctions for faculty, staff and students、Autonomous management and use of corporate property, etc.，These regulations are the specific implementation of the national basic education system in schools，Reflects the w88 login’s autonomy in running schools according to law。

2. The charter follows and demonstrates the core concept of people-oriented

Education is based on educating people，Students as the main body；Talent-oriented education，Teachers as the main body。Only with students can the w88 login have a future。Only with masters can the w88 login have a bright future。People are the starting point and foothold of the modern university system，The design of the w88 login system should be based on and serve to maximize the motivation of faculty and staff、Creativity，Based on and serving to better cultivate morality and intelligence38

High-quality talents with comprehensive development of body and beauty，To embody people-oriented。The provisions of our w88 login charter on the rights and obligations of faculty, staff and students，It embodies the people-oriented concept，The other way around can also be said，Because the rights and obligations of teachers, students and employees are highlighted，This also makes the charter full of strong humanistic color。

As citizens, teachers, students and employees enjoy the civil rights stipulated in the constitution and bear corresponding obligations，As a civil subject, enjoy or perform the corresponding civil rights or obligations stipulated by law in civil activities，Also as an educator and an educated person，Teachers and students also enjoy or perform the rights or obligations stipulated in the "Teachers Law" and the "Regulations on the Management of Students in General Institutions of Higher Education" respectively。Meanwhile，Constitution between teachers, students, employees and the school、Law、Under the provisions of laws and regulations，A more specific relationship of rights and obligations is taking place，The school charter stipulates the specific rights and obligations of teachers, students and employees with respect to the school。On the one hand, it enriches the rights and obligations of teachers, students and employees expressly stipulated in the law，At the same time, it also highlights the dominant position of teachers, students and employees，further clarifies the legal relationship between teachers, students, employees and the school。Articles of Association，School faculty and staff enjoy the same rights as the Constitution、Law、Except for rights expressly provided for in laws and regulations，Also enjoys the right to use public resources according to job responsibilities and contributions、Fair access to development opportunities、Get the right to fair evaluation、Fair access to rewards、Right to know about important matters、Right to participate in democratic management、Right to apply for relief and other rights stipulated in school rules or employment contract；In addition to fulfilling the Constitution、Law、Except for obligations expressly stipulated in laws and regulations，Should also protect the reputation and interests of the school、Diligence and responsibility、Respect and care for students、Abide by school rules and regulations and other obligations stipulated in school rules or employment contracts。At the same time, in order to reflect the idea and philosophy of running a school with teachers as the main body，The charter also specifically teaches teachers to serve as role models、Teaching and educating people、Creating and imparting knowledge、The rights and obligations in carrying out academic innovation and observing academic ethics are stipulated。For students，The charter stipulates students’ fair rights to education、The right to choose majors and courses、Fair access to further education and the right to participate in cultural exchange activities、Get the right to comprehensive quality education、The right to voluntarily organize and join associations in accordance with the law、Fair access to rewards、Right to know、Rights such as applying for relief and safeguarding the reputation and interests of the school、Abide by school rules and regulations、Pay relevant fees、Obligations to take good care of school equipment and facilities。The charter also stipulates that students must develop good character。w88 online casinoAll these provisions regarding the rights and obligations of faculty, staff and students，These are institutional declarations and norms made by the school based on its positioning as a high-level research university，To guide and regulate the behavior of teachers, students and staff，The formation of good campus customs and university culture has far-reaching significance and influence。The charter stipulates that the w88 login must establish a rights protection mechanism，Protecting the legitimate rights and interests of faculty, staff and students，This provision reflects“No remedy, no rights”The spirit of the law，Provided institutional guidelines for the implementation of the rights of faculty, staff and students，Provides reliable institutional guarantee。

3. The charter demonstrates and permeates the spirit of the modern university

University spirit is the soul of the university system，The university system is the external manifestation of the university spirit，Is the institutional carrier and expression of university spirit，University spirit and university system complement each other，Both inside and outside。The charter is the carrier of the modern university system，It is also the carrier of the modern university spirit。Articles of Association in the form of a preamble，Condensing the school into pursuing truth and pragmatism、Liberal Democracy、Open and compatible、Longfa Mingde、Proclaimed the modern university spirit of keeping pace with the times as its core，To clarify the tradition and philosophy of the school，Express the ideals and feelings of the school，Highlight the school’s positioning and characteristics。The specific system of the charter is being designed，It also fully penetrates the concept of modern university spirit，For example, about cultivating the all-round development of morality, intelligence, body and beauty，Have an international perspective、Innovative spirit and practical ability，Regulations on senior professionals with conscience and responsibility；Regulations on the school awarding honorary doctorates or other honorary titles to outstanding individuals who have made outstanding contributions to social development and the progress of human civilization；About the school actively carrying out international cooperation and exchanges，Regulations on promoting the internationalization of education；About school teachers should strive to create new scientific knowledge，Spread advanced ideas，Regulations on cultivating elite talents，And about the school respecting and caring for talents，Safeguard academic democracy and academic freedom，Carry out teaching and scientific research activities for teachers、Independent academic innovation、Providing necessary conditions and guarantees for climbing to the peak of science，Regulating teachers’ academic behavior，Regulations that guide teachers to establish good academic ethics；About the school guiding students to develop a cherished life、Respect human rights、Respect the teacher、Honest and trustworthy、Care for nature、Provisions for good character that are enthusiastic about public welfare，etc.；In addition, the organizational structure of the school，They also embody and penetrate the concept of modern university spirit。In a certain sense，The penetration of university spirit，It adds a strong appeal and influence to the charter，So as to better motivate teachers, students and staff、Education and guidance，Utilize the emotional bonding effect of the charter on all school personnel, including alumni，Carry forward the excellent tradition of Jilin University，Establish a good image of the school。

IV. Institutional innovation of the Articles of Association within the scope of law

The charter is the result of institutional innovation。Because there are few university charters in China that we can refer to，Also because changes in laws and regulations are relatively frequent during the current system transformation period，In addition to the special historical background of the merger，Jilin University will definitely face many internal and external difficulties and challenges in formulating such a charter，That’s the only way，Our w88 login always regards the process of formulating charter as a process of research and promotion，Treat it as a process of institutional innovation。The charter closely focuses on the w88 login’s overall positioning as a high-level research university，Closely contact the w88 login’s actual situation，In accordance with the principles and spirit of the law，Be as innovative as possible within the scope of the law。

The process of formulating the charter follows the principle that all matters that are clearly stipulated in the law，Never conflict with the law，Just make necessary refinements where possible；Matters not provided for by law，If the school needs it for actual work，In line with the future development trend of the university，Let’s make bold explorations without violating the spirit and principles of the law。Except for the places mentioned above，There are many examples of institutional innovation in the charter，For example，Regulations on school functions，The charter states that the school takes talent cultivation and knowledge innovation as its fundamental tasks，This regulation is in line with the positioning of our school as a research university，Reflects equal emphasis on teaching and scientific research、The unity of teaching and educating people and scientific research and educating people。Articles of Association regarding the school’s comprehensive implementation of national education policies，Cultivation of all-round development of morality, intelligence, body and beauty，Have an international perspective、Innovative spirit and practical ability，Provisions on the training standards for high-level professionals with conscience and sense of responsibility，On the basis of following the general provisions and requirements of national laws and policies，The school has its own higher requirements，Highlight its own characteristics，It is a supplement and enrichment to the law。Also，About the principal responsibility system under the leadership of the party committee，The charter clarifies the relationship between the Party Committee and the Standing Committee in accordance with the law。Also，The charter includes some important proposals made by the central government on the leadership system of universities since the formulation of the w88 online casinoHigher Education Law，For example, party management talents、Party-managed cadres，The party committee must ensure the direction of running a socialist school，We must also maintain political stability and campus safety，Stipulated in the articles of association。Also about the party committee uniting and mobilizing all faculty, staff and students，Promote school reform、Construction and Development，Create justice、Democracy、Integrity、harmony、Provisions for a harmonious situation in which mutual recognition is a value concept，Absorbs and embodies some of the latest ideas of the central government on building a socialist harmonious society。About the principal’s office meeting，The charter stipulates that it mainly handles important matters in school administration，This is also taking into account the characteristics of the principal’s administrative head responsibility system，A supplement and improvement based on the law。School Board as provided for in the charter，This is not stipulated in higher education law。To the Academic Committee，The charter adds the review of teacher qualifications、Accepting academic disputes and other contents that are not included in higher education laws，Gives the Academic Committee more full powers；The charter stipulates that the college-level academic committee independently exercises academic power in accordance with the academic committee charter，According to the Academic Committee Charter，The dean shall not serve as the chairman of the academic committee of the college，This is also an institutional innovation to protect academic democracy and academic freedom。Also，The charter gives the degree evaluation committee the right to select graduate instructors，It is a supplement and improvement based on the degree regulations。Also about campus institutions、Regulations on school anniversary, etc.，These are also system designs that are conducive to the development of the school taking into account the actual situation of Jilin University’s merger。

Also，About the procedure for formulating and amending the articles of association，We have also made legal provisions under the provisions of the law，It should be said that it is also somewhat innovative。Articles of Association serve as the fundamental provisions that represent the will of the school’s corporate organization，It should be approved by the highest authority of the school。Before the charter is finalized and passed by the school party congress，We have also considered whether it could be passed by the Senate or a specially established organization，After everyone discussed it，The Faculty Congress is an organizational form for faculty and staff to participate in democratic management，Not the highest authority of the school，The legal basis and authority for adopting the charter are insufficient；For the establishment of special organizational structures，Everyone discussed that it is not possible，Because such an organization was established based on the decision of the Party Committee，Definitely not the highest authority in the school，And there is no legal basis for establishing such an organization specifically to formulate charters，There are legal issues。Therefore, according to the Higher Education Law and the Party Constitution，The school finally chose to formulate and adopt the charter by the Party Congress。Meanwhile，We also consider it，The Party Congress must have a sufficient mass base to adopt the charter. So the charter stipulates，The school charter must be reviewed by the school board and the staff congress，This is the prerequisite and necessary procedure for discussion at the Party Congress，That is, only if approved by the school board and faculty congress，Only by the school party committee can it be submitted to the party congress for review and approval。In fact it is too，The formulation and adoption of the charter of Jilin University followed such a procedure that fully promoted democracy，Extensive collection of public opinions，Concentrated the collective wisdom of the whole school。About the procedure for amending the Articles of Association，Because considering that the party congress is usually held only once every few years，If the charter needs to be modified during this period，Especially when national laws and regulations have new regulations，There are other situations where the articles of association are inconsistent with new legal provisions or the articles of association must be modified，We need an organization to do this，So the regulations，This charter was modified by the Jilin University Congress of the Communist Party of China，During the intersession period of the Congress，The Jilin University Committee of the Communist Party of China may make partial supplements and modifications to this charter。The Articles of Association give the Party Committee the power to amend the Articles of Association，But this modification is partial，Instead of global，This kind of supplement and modification will be adopted in the form of amendments in the future，The party committee must also report each revision to the next party congress。This is what the articles of association stipulate，Strict, legal and feasible。

The "Jilin University Charter" lists what the w88 login is doing、What should be done and what can be done is stipulated in the w88 login basic law，Although there may still be some shortcomings，But generally speaking，In line with the general laws of the development of higher education，Conforming to the essence of socialist higher education with Chinese characteristics，In line with the universal principles and development direction of the modern university system，Also in line with the actual situation of our w88 login，Provides system design and guarantee for building Jilin University into a high-level research university。

（Zhang Wenxian, Zhou Qifengzai2006《China Higher Education》No.20Published the article "University Charter: The Carrier of the Modern University System"，The article details the formulation of the "Jilin University Charter"。）